DR Cynthia Harden MD

Physicians & Surgeons, Physical Therapists, Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology

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AKA: Harden Cynthia
Categories: Physicians & Surgeons, Physical Therapists, Physicians & Surgeons, Cardiology, Physicians & Surgeons, Dermatology, Physicians & Surgeons, Gynecology, Physicians & Surgeons, Internal Medicine, Physicians & Surgeons, Nephrology (Kidneys), Physicians & Surgeons, Neurology, Physicians & Surgeons, Obstetrics And Gynecology, Physicians & Surgeons, Ophthalmology, Physicians & Surgeons, Radiology, Physicians & Surgeons, Surgery-General, Physicians & Surgeons, Urology

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Phone: (212) 746-2359

Address: 520 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021

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DR Cynthia Harden MD

General Practitioners

Electrocardiogram
Flam T, saighi D, Legagneyx F, Ounnonghene Z, Duboc D, Thiounn N, Bourlion M, Zaerbib M, Debre B. A prospective study of non-EKG gated electroconductive lithotripsy: Holter monitoring during an alternance of periods with and without R-wave triggering. J Urol (Paris) 1996, 102:5-6:195-198.

Ophthalmologists

Glaucoma
Acetazolamide: The heterocyclic sulfonamide, which inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase in the kidney, causing an increase in the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate, reduced excretion of ammonium, a rise in the pH of the urine, and a fall in the pH of the blood; used in respiratory acidosis for diuresis and control of fluid retention, in glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, and in epilepsy.

Pregnancy

Internal Medicine
Kopp JB. Miller KD. Mican JA. Feuerstein IM. Vaughan E. Baker C. Pannell LK. Falloon J. Crystalluria and urinary tract abnormalities associated with indinavir [see comments]. [Journal Article] Annals of Internal Medicine. 12 7(2): 119-21199 7 Jul. 15.
Urology
Issa MM, Pruthi RS, Menamara DE. New technique of ureteral stent placement for impacted ureteral calculus: The glidewire loop technique. Urology 1997, 49:4:614-617.
Kidney Stones
UrologyStone.com is pleased to provide this patient education material on kidney stones to the public. This patient information should only be used as a general guideline and should not be used to replace the regular medical evaluation provided by your physician.
Urinary Tract Infection
It may be difficult to diagnose stones in children and younger infants. The most commonly presented symptom is pain seen in 40-75% of patients. Unlike the classic colicky, flank pain seen in adults, diffuse abdominal pain may be seen in children. Microscopic or gross hematuria may be seen in 25-40% of children. Symptoms attributable to a urinary tract infection, including fever, dysuria, frequency, and/or urgency may be seen in 10-30% of children. Urinary calculi found incidentally on x-rays are seen more frequently in younger children as older children more often present with flank or abdominal pain.

Epilepsy

Ultrasound
The use of Styrofoam has become common practice in protecting the lung fields. Skin bruising may be partially preventable by protecting the exit site of the shockwaves with a 1-liter intravenous fluid bag placed on the abdomen. To avoid radiation exposure, the use of ultrasound to image the stone is a useful alternative.
MRI
Radiation exposure of the mother and fetus should be minimal if not prevented. Radiation exposure during the first trimester may result in a 2.5-5% risk to the fetus. There is a 1.6 relative risk of leukemia, a 3.2 relative risk of solid childhood cancers and an overall relative risk of 2.4 for all childhood malignancies. Patients can be screened by ultrasound without any risk to the fetus. It would be prudent to avoid any radiation to the fetus during gestation, unless the radiographic study will have a major impact on the stone management of the patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a safer alternative than radiation when ultrasound is found to be inconclusive. However, there are no large series addressing the role of MRI in the management of renal calculi during pregnancy. Vaginal sonography is now being used to diagnose distal ureteral stones. Doppler ultrasound can be used to measure intrarenal resistive indices to differentiate physiologic from obstructive hydronephrosis. The presence of ureteral jets on ultrasound can be interpreted as evidence that obstruction is unlikely. Endoluminal ultrasound is being utilized as a tool to facilitate ureteral stent placement.
Radiology
Dalrymple NC, Verga M, Anderson KR, et al: The value of unenhanced helical computerized tomography in the management of acute flank pain. J Urol 1998;159(3):735-740. Smith RC, Verga M, McCarthy S, et al: Diagnosis of acute flank pain: Value of unenhanced helical CT, AJR 1996; 166(1): 97-101. Heiken JP, Brink JA, Banner MP, et al: Spiral (helical) CT. Radiology 1993; 189(3): 647-656.
X-Rays
Computed Tomography
All patients are assessed preoperatively with a history, physical examination and diuretic renal scan, excretory urogram (IVP) and/or retrograde pyelogram. CT scan may also demonstrate the presence of a UPJO.
Chemotherapy
Myeloproliferative diseases such as 1) leukemia and 2) lymphoma, typically lead to uric acid stone formation following courses of chemotherapy which result in increased purine turnover and excessive uric acid production.

Minimally Invasive Surgery
The treatment of renal calculi has undergone significant changes over the last decade. The endourologist has a large armamentarium of treatment options. The advent of ESWL, along with improvements in fiberoptic technology and video equipment has virtually eliminated the need for open stone surgery. In an era of minimally invasive surgery, the use of ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy and percutaneous procedures has expanded the use of endoscopic management of renal stones. Continued progress in laser lithotripsy technology, advances in endoscopic techniques and refinements in medical management will improve our ability to choose the appropriate treatments for renal calculi in an era of cost confinement.

Cyst
Lesions
Finally, congenital obstructive lesions of the urinary tract can predispose to stone formation by promoting urinary stasis and infection. Infection, therefore, serves as a nidus for crystal formation and allows stone formation to occur.

Physical Therapists

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