Fire ants are stinging ants of the genus Solenopsis, of which there are over 280 species and subspecies worldwide. Most species are unobtrusive, and rarely come into contact with humans, and of the few that do, most do not attain the status of serious pests, as they are kept in check by parasites and predators, as well as competition with other ants. However, at least one species, Solenopsis invicta, commonly known as the Red imported fire ant (RIFA), has been moved around the world from its native range in So
Spiders
Adult female black widow spiders are shiny black with an hourglass shaped marking on the bottom of its abdomen which, although most commonly red, may range in color from white to yellow to various shades of orange and red. They also bear a small, usually red (colors vary) dot near the spinerettes, which is separate from the hourglass. In some varieties, the two halves of the hourglass shape may be separated into two separate dots. A large female black widow spider can grow to 1.5 inches (38 mm), counting legspan. The body is about 0.5 inches (13 mm). Male black widow spiders are half the size of the female or smaller. They have longer legs and a smaller abdomen in relation to their body size. They are also usually dark brown with varying colors of stripes/dots, with no hourglass mark. Adult males can be distinguished from juvenile females by their more-slender body, longer legs and large pedipalps typical of most other male spiders. Juvenile black widow spiders start white, molting to dark brown to black exoskeletons with white, yellow, orange and red stripes and/or dots on their backs.
Termites
DAMAGE: Subterranean termites eat primarily spring wood and leave the lignin-containing summer wood which they cannot effectively digest. Therefore, damaged wood appears to be layered. And soil is typically found in the galleries.
Fleas
Fleas are important from a medical view point because they transmit harmful pathogens from animals to humans.These pathogens cause plague and murine typhus although as these are of medical importance rather than veterinary they will not be discussed here. In the case of Spilopsyllus cuniculi, the rabbit flea transmission of Fibromavirus myxomatosis (myxomatosis) has been a advantage in attempts to control rabbit populations. Combined with the production losses caused by pathogen transmission is that seen in the sticktight flea which, if present in large enough numbers can cause anaemia and emaciation in poultry. This is often combined with reduced egg production and if infestation is particularly heavy then death of birds will result, especially those that are young or old. The sticktight flea is not a active jumping flea rather a burrow in and stay flea. Fleas have a less specific range of hosts than Anoplura and Mallophaga which increases the chance of pathogen transmission.
Cockroaches
The Waterbug or Oriental cockroach ( Blatta orientalis ) is a large species of cockroach, measuring about 1 inch in length at maturity. It is dark brown to black in colour and has a glossy body. The female Oriental cockroach has a somewhat different appearance to the male, it appears to be wingless at casual glance but has two very short and useless wings just below its head. It has a wider body than the male. The male has long wings, which cover a majority of its body and are brown in colour, and has a more narrow body. Neither the male or female can fly, apparently. The female Oriental cockroach looks somewhat similar to the Florida woods cockroach, and may be mistaken for it.
Ticks
Hard ticks have a scutum while soft ticks do not. In the male hard tick, the scutum is large, completely covering the dorsal surface. In the female, the scutum covers only a part of the dorsal surface and is almost obscured when she becomes engorged. The capitulum of hard ticks extends forward from the anterior end of the body, bearing some resemblance to a true head, while in soft ticks it is found on the under side and is not usually visible from a dorsal view. The spiracles lie behind the fourth pair of coxae, or basal segments of the leg.
Crickets
Cricket outbreaks are one of the most predictable pest events of the year in most areas of Texas. Late summer and fall are when adult crickets become especially abundant around homes and commercial buildings. Although the cricket species associated with outbreaks in Texas have not been well-studied, most belong to the Gryllus assimilis complex, and are collectively referred to as black field crickets, or field crickets.
Flies
Fleas are blood sucking insects belonging to the order Siphonaptera. Fleas are thought to be closely related to Diptera(True Flies). Although ectoparasites the wings of fleas have been lost during their evolution but it has been suggested that muscles that may have been used for flight are now used to power the well developed rear legs. The rear legs arise from the metathorax and this area is well developed as a consequence of this. In contrast to Anoplura fleas are flattened laterally allowing them to travel quickly through host hair. Morphological adaptations other than lateral flattening include recessed antennae-long antennae would only serve to obstruct a fleas passage- and backward pointing setae, these anchor the flea against surrounding hairs if attempts are made to remove them. Many species of flea have a particular arrangement of setae on the thorax which are called combs. Fleas lack compound eyes but do posses ocelli on either side of the head, although some species do lack even these, eg Leptopsylla segnis -the house mouse flea. Sexes can be distinguished by the presence of complex copulatory apparatus on males. These apparatus are situated to the rear and ventrally and in addition to males having a pronounced curvature of the ventral surface opposed to a flat surface in females these features serve to sex fleas.
Mites
Have been known to enter homes through holes/cracks as small as 1/4 inch in width. The main danger to humans comes not from the rat itself, but the mites and/or fleas that it might carry. This rat, like most rodents, can harbor rabies and even the bubonic plague. Careful and complete inspections of building exteriors, combined with aggressive trapping of any spotted "unwanted guests" can eliminate a rat problem.
Male and female soft ticksare similar in appearance, with no dorsal plate (scutum) to distinguish the sexes as in hard ticks. The capitulum which bears the mouth parts is located beneath the anterior margin of the body. The spiracles or respiratory openings lie on the sides of the body above the third and fourth pairs of legs. Although some species of soft ticks feed on humans, they are more common on birds and occasionally are found on bats and other small mammals. The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the genital opening which in males is circular or crescent-shaped and in females is a transverse split, wider than long.
Snakes
Ornithodoros Turicata, also a large tick, is found in the southern and western United States. It is found in caves, holes made by burrowing animals and at campsites. Its hosts include rodents, snakes, terrapins and various domestic animals, as well as man. Even after long starvation, it is an efficient vector of relapsing fever. Both
Dermacentor occidentalis, is a three-host tick whose life cycle on small rodents and large mammals may be completed in less than three months. It is a serious year-round pest of cattle and will attack man. It is a known vector of tularemia and a suspected vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The basis capituli has conspicuous tooth-like dorsal projections on the posterior margin known as cornua.
Mice
Rats
An excellent climber, the norway rat is unafraid of living in close proximity to humans if there is a food source near. Norway rats